原生犬介绍

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LAIZHOU HONG

莱州红犬

ORIGIN: China

起源国：中国

UTILIZATION: Companion, working dog, guard dog.

用途：伴侣犬、工作犬、守卫犬

FCI-CLASSIFICATION: Group 2

FCI分组：第二组

BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY: Following the opening of Shandong province by German at 19th century and leased the Jiaozhou Bay and Qingdao Peninsula from the Ching Dynasty at 1898 for 99 years. German colonialist came to this area as their settlement. The colonialist arrived in Qingdao Peninsula together with their dogs. It was then necessary to have dogs for farming,hunting and guarding. At the result, they were using the Great Dane, German Shepherd, Rottweiler, Shandong Xian Hound and together with the native breeds to established Laizhou Hong. “ Hong ”in Chinese means red. The enrich red marking are the distinguished of the breed.

历史概述：随着19世纪德国进入山东省，于1898年清朝时期起殖民于胶东半岛达99年。德国殖民者定居于此，犬随着殖民者一同来到青岛地区。那个时候养狗用于狩猎和守卫是必要的。最终他们用大丹犬、德国牧羊犬、罗威纳犬、山东细犬和一些原生犬种改良得到了莱州红犬。“Hong”汉语中表示红色。拥有红色标记是这个犬种的显著特征。

GENERAL APPEARANCE: A moderately large sized molossoid.

整体外形：体型适度的大型马士提夫犬种。

IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS: The body is longer than the height at withers.

重要比例：身体长度略大于肩高。

BEHAVIOUR/ TEMPERAMENT: Friendly and calm, very devoted to the family. The Laizhou Hong enjoy working and shall have good working ability, courage and hardness. The particular values of self-confidence and intrepidness are required and also adaptability and attention to fit the social environment.

行为/秉性：友善且冷静，非常忠于家庭。莱州红犬热爱工作且具有很好的工作能力、勇气和毅力。这种犬自信且无畏，还能很好地适应并关注周围环境。

HEAD: Strong. In size balanced to general appearance, not too massive.

头部：强健。尺寸与身体比例平衡，不可太大。

CRANIAL REGION

颅骨

~ Skull: Strong, elongated, without markedly protruding occiput. The forehead is flat and runs parallel to bridge of nose.

头骨：强壮、修长、没有明显突出的枕骨。前额扁平且与鼻梁平行。

~ Stop: well defined but without being too pronounced.

额断：有额断但不明显。

FACIAL REGION

面部：

~ Nose: Nose is broad and black and wide nostrils.

鼻：鼻子宽阔、黑色，鼻孔宽。

~ Muzzle: The muzzle must be in the right proportion with the upper head and must be strongly developed. Nasal bridge straight.

口吻：口吻必须与头部成一定比例，强壮有力的。鼻梁直。

~ Lips: They shall be tight and lie close to the jaws that will ensure a tight closure of the mouth. The pigment of the gum to be dark.

唇：紧致且紧贴口腔以确保口腔闭合。牙龈为深色。

~ Jaws/ Teeth: Powerful broad upper and lower jaw, scissor bite , 42 teeth correctly placed and normal size.

颌/牙齿：强而有力的上下颌，剪状咬合，正常大小的42颗犬齿生长在正确的位置。

~ Cheeks: Cheek muscles only slightly defined and in no way protruding.

脸颊：面颊肌肉有修长的轮廓但绝不突出。

~ Eyes: The eyes are almond shaped, of medium size clearly defined at the corners, and show an intelligent and eager expression. The colour of the eyes to be light Amber to dark brown.

眼睛：杏仁状眼睛，中等大小且轮廓清晰，表现出有智慧、渴望的眼神。眼睛颜色从浅琥珀色到深棕色。

~ Ears: The ears are pricked and set high and wide apart of the skull, slightly curved on the outer edge and of moderate large size.

耳：耳朵竖起、耳间距宽且耳位高。中等大小的耳朵边缘略微卷曲。

NECK: The neck must have a good length and be in proportion to the body and the head. It is dry, without dewlap or throatiness. Throat skin tight-fitting without folds and muscular.

颈部：颈部必须有一定长度与身体和头部成比例。干燥、不松弛无赘肉。颈前部皮肤紧致无褶皱且肌肉发达。

BODY:

身体：

~ Withers: Shall be pronounced in height and length, especially in males and thereby determine the slope of topline from the withers to the croup.

肩隆：显著的高度与长度，特别是公犬，从而决定了从肩甲到臀部背线的倾斜角度。

~ Back: Firm, level and well muscled.

背部：结实、水平且肌肉发达。

~Croup: Medium length, broad and rounded.

臀部：中等长度，宽且圆润。

~Chest: Deep reaching to the elbows. Depth of chest is half the height at withers. Well developed forechest. Ribs well sprung but not barrel shaped, extending well to the rear.

胸部：胸深至肘部。胸深是肩高的一半。发达的前胸，发育良好的肋骨向后延伸生长，但不是桶状。

TAIL: Moderately long, not too thick, tapering evenly towards tip. Bristle hair on tail undesirable. The tail during rest should hang in a very slight curve. During movement of excitement it may be raised. Set on a position to blend with sloping croup and it should reach approximately to the hock.

尾巴：中等长度，不太粗，均匀地细至尾尖。鬃毛尾不可取。休息时尾巴应保持一个很小曲线。动态中和兴奋的状态下尾巴上举。尾根位于臀部倾斜的位置，尾巴垂下大约可达到飞节的位置。

LIMBS

四肢

Forequarters:

前驱：

~ General appearance: The front legs as seen from all sides are almost straight , vertical to the ground and strongly developed.

总体外观：侧面观察前腿直，垂直于地面，强健有力。

~ Shoulder: Well laid back.

肩部：肩胛骨倾斜向后。

~ Upper arm: Good length, well muscled.

上肢：长度适中，有肌肉感。

~ Elbows: Close in, not turned out.

肘部：紧贴不外翻。

~ Carpus (Wrist): Strong.

腕部（腕关节）：强壮。

~ Metacarpus (Pastern): Bones strong. Straight seen from the front. Seen from the side, only slightly sloping.

掌骨（系部）：骨骼强壮。从正面观察是直的，从侧面观察有轻微倾斜。

~ Front feet: The feet are short and tight, well arched and knitted. Nail short black.

前脚：脚短且结实，拱起且紧凑。指甲短为黑色。

Hindquarters:

后驱：

~ General appearance: Seen from the rear the Laizhou Hong looks because of his well developed pelvic muscle in hips and croup, wide rounded off. The muscle running from the pelvic towards the thigh and lower thigh result in good width development, as well as in the thigh area, in the knee joint area and at the lower thigh. The strong hind legs are straight and stand parallel.

总体外观：从后面观察，莱州红犬后驱发达，有肌肉感，臀部宽且圆润。从骨盆延伸至大腿及大腿下部的肌肉有良好的宽度发展，包括大腿区域、漆关节区域及大腿下部。后腿强壮、笔直且平行站立。

~ Hindlegs: Seen from the rear straight and parallel, not too close.

后腿：从后面观察，直且平行，不能靠太近。

~ Thigh: Good length and width, well muscled. Good angulation to the hip joint.

大腿：适度的长度和宽度，肌肉发达。以良好的角度衔接髋关节。

~ Knee (Stifle): The knee joint is strong and is formed by the thigh and lower thigh as well as the kneecap.

膝（后膝关节）：大腿和大腿下部以及膝盖骨促成强壮的膝关节。

~ Lower thigh: Medium length and in harmony with the total length of the hindquarter.

小腿：中等长度，与整个后驱保持和谐的平衡。

~ Hock: Well let down.

飞节：角度良好。

~ Metatarsus (Rear Pastern): Always well let down. Dewclaws to be removed (except in those countries where it is prohibited by law)

跖骨（后系部）：角度良好。狼趾被移除（除了法律所禁止的国家）

~ Hind feet: like the forefeet, the toes of the hind feet are well arched and knitted. Nail short, black.

后脚：如同前脚，后脚趾拱起且紧凑，指甲短为黑色。

GAIT/ MOVEMENT: The gait is of special importance to both the working ability as well as the exterior appearance. The gait is elastic, elegant, agile, free and ground covering. The forelegs reach out as far as possible. The hindquarter gives far-reaching and necessary elastic drive. The foreleg of one side and the hind leg of the other side move forward at the same time. There should be good stability of the back, the ligaments and the joints.

步态/动态：步态对于工作能力和外观都有着重要意义。步态弹性、优雅、敏捷、自由且步幅覆盖足够的地面。前肢尽可能地向前伸展，后躯则提供足够的驱动力。一侧的前腿和另一侧的后腿同时向前移动。韧带和关节的配合使运动中背线平稳。

SKIN: Overall tight fitting.

皮肤：

COAT

被毛

~ Hair : Short, dense, smooth and glossy, coarse , dull or a double coat.

毛质：短、浓密、光滑且有光泽、粗且硬的双层被毛。

~ Colour: Black with clearly defined marking of a rich red tan on the cheek, muzzle, throat, chest and legs, as well as over both eyes and under the base of the tail.

毛色：面颊、口吻部、颈前部、腿部以及眼睛上方和尾根下方，在黑色的基础上赋有明显的红色斑纹。

SIZE AND WEIGHT:

尺寸和体重：

~ Height at the withers: Dogs: 64-79 cm，Bitches: 65-70 cm

肩高：公犬64-79 厘米，母犬: 65-70厘米

FAULTS: Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare of the dog.

缺陷：任何背离上述观点皆被视为缺陷，其严重程度与对犬只健康与保障所造成的影响成正比。

~ Red tan markings too light or not sharply defined, smudged markings, mask too dark, big black spot on the legs, chest markings hardly visible or too large , hair long, soft curly or dull. Thin coat, bald patches.

红色斑纹太浅或不清晰、模糊的斑纹、斑纹颜色过深、大块黑色斑点在腿部、胸部斑纹不明显或过大、长毛、毛质过软或卷曲。单层被毛、秃毛。

~ White marks on the forechest or white feet, highly undesirable.

前胸有白斑或白色脚，及不可取。

~ Lack of sexual dimorphism, little substance, too light, too heavy, too leggy, weak bones.

缺乏性别特征，骨量太小，体总太轻或太重、腿太长、骨量无力。

~ Head too heavy, too narrow, too short, too long, too much or too little stop, ram nose, bad slop of the topline of the skull, weak lower jaw, round or slit eyes, cheeks too heavy, loose flews, eyes too open or too deep set,ear set too low.

头部过重、太窄、太短、太长、额断过于明显或没有、罗马鼻、头骨不够平、下颚弱而无力、眼睛太圆或眯缝眼、脸颊太厚、上嘴唇太松弛、眼睛张开过度或过于深陷、耳位过低。

~ Back not straight, sway back, roach back, insufficient depth or width of chest, tail set too high, too little or too much tuck up.

背部不够平，脊柱凸出，弓背，胸部深度或宽度不够，下腹线上收太多或太少。

~ Too little angulation in forequarters, hindquarters, with too little or too much angulation. Loose elbow, feet too close together or too wide apart, cow-hocks, spread locks, open or soft paws, crooked toes,pale nails.

前后躯角度太大或太小，松散的肘部，脚太近或太宽，牛肢，XXX，张开或太软的爪，扭曲的脚趾，无色指甲。

~ Gait that is not harmonious, in particular pacing.

不协调的步态，特别是踱步。

DISQUALIFYING FAULTS

失格

~ Aggressive or overly shy.

有攻击性或过于胆怯。

~ Any dog clearly showing physical or behavioural abnormalities shall be disqualified.

任何身体或行为上，明显表现失常的犬均视为失格。

~ Overshot, level bite, undershot, missing teeth.

上颚突出，水平咬合，下颚突出，缺齿。

N.B.:

注：

~ Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.

公犬必须具备两个明显正常的睾丸、且完全置于阴囊中。

~ Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with breed typical conformation should be used for breeding.